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OBM 2026 Problem 2

    Seja pp um número primo ímpar. Determine o menor inteiro positivo kk tal que existe um inteiro positivo nn de modo que, quando os números (n0),(n1),…,(nk)\binom{n}{0}, \binom{n}{1}, \dots, \binom{n}{k} são divididos por pp, cada um dos restos 0,1,…,p−10, 1, \dots, p-1 aparece pelo menos uma vez.

    Observação: Para inteiros não negativos aa e bb, definimos

    (ab)={0se a<ba!b!(a−b)!se a≥b.\binom{a}{b} = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{se } a < b \\ \frac{a!}{b!(a-b)!} & \text{se } a \geq b \end{cases}.

    Official text Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad 2026 official paper, page 1. Quoted with source.

    A model read this text from the scan of the paper by OCR, with vision/claude@2.1.318 (claude-opus-5-5). No person has checked it against the paper yet.

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