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OBM 2025 Problem 4

    Para todo nn inteiro positivo, defina

    f(n)=⌊1⌋+⌊2⌋+⋯+⌊n⌋.f(n) = \left\lfloor \sqrt{1} \right\rfloor + \left\lfloor \sqrt{2} \right\rfloor + \cdots + \left\lfloor \sqrt{n} \right\rfloor.

    Determine todos os inteiros positivos kk tais que existe um inteiro positivo nn satisfazendo f(n)=nkf(n) = nk.

    Observação: para um número real xx, define-se ⌊x⌋\lfloor x \rfloor como o maior inteiro que é menor ou igual a xx. Por exemplo, ⌊1⌋=⌊1⌋=1\left\lfloor \sqrt{1} \right\rfloor = \lfloor 1 \rfloor = 1, ⌊2⌋=1\left\lfloor \sqrt{2} \right\rfloor = 1 e ⌊14⌋=3\left\lfloor \sqrt{14} \right\rfloor = 3.

    Official text Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad 2025 official paper, page 2. Quoted with source.

    A model read this text from the scan of the paper by OCR, with vision/claude@2.1.318 (claude-opus-5-5). No person has checked it against the paper yet.

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