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CONO-SUR 2023 Problem 6

    Sejam x1,x2,…,xnx_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n números reais positivos. Para cada inteiro positivo kk, seja

    Sk=x1k+x2k+…+xnk.S_k = x_1^k + x_2^k + \ldots + x_n^k.

    (a) Prove que se S1<S2S_1 < S_2 então a sequência S1,S2,S3,…S_1, S_2, S_3, \ldots é estritamente crescente.

    (b) Prove que existem nn e números positivos x1,x2,…,xnx_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n tais que S1>S2S_1 > S_2 e a sequência S1,S2,S3,…S_1, S_2, S_3, \ldots não é estritamente decrescente.

    Official text Cono Sur Mathematical Olympiad 2023 official paper, page 2. Quoted with source.

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