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OIM 2024 Problem 1

    Para cada inteiro positivo nn, designamos por d(n)d(n) o número de divisores positivos de nn. Demonstre que para todo par de inteiros positivos (a,b)(a,b) se verifica que

    d(a)+d(b)≤d(mdc(a,b))+d(mmc(a,b))d(a) + d(b) \leq d(\text{mdc}(a,b)) + d(\text{mmc}(a,b))

    e determine os pares de inteiros positivos (a,b)(a,b) para os quais se verifica a igualdade.

    Nota: mdc(a,b)\text{mdc}(a,b) é o máximo divisor comum de aa e bb, e mmc(a,b)\text{mmc}(a,b) é o mínimo múltiplo comum de aa e bb.

    Official text Iberoamerican Mathematical Olympiad 2024 official paper, page 1. Quoted with source.

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