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RIOPLATENSE 2007 Problem 3

    Let p>3p > 3 be a prime number and xx an integer, denote by r(x)∈{0,1,...,p−1}r ( x )\in \{ 0 , 1 , ... , p - 1 \} to the rest of xx modulo pp . Let x1,x2,...,xkx_1, x_2, ... , x_k ( 2<k<p2 < k < p ) different integers modulo pp and not divisible by pp . We say that a number a∈{1,2,...,p−1}a \in \{ 1 , 2 ,..., p -1 \} is good if r(ax1)<r(ax2)<...<r(axk)r ( a x_1) < r ( a x_2) <...< r ( a x_k) . Show that there are at most 2pk+1−1\frac{2 p}{k + 1}-{ 1} good numbers.

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