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SIMON-MARAIS 2022 A2

  • Paper A

Let nn be a positive integer, and let SS be a set with 2n2^n elements. Let A1,A2,…,AnA_1, A_2, \ldots, A_n be randomly and independently chosen subsets of SS, where each possible subset of SS is chosen with equal probability. Let PnP_n be the probability that

A1∪A2∪⋯∪An=SandA1∩A2∩⋯∩An=∅.A_1 \cup A_2 \cup \cdots \cup A_n = S \quad \text{and} \quad A_1 \cap A_2 \cap \cdots \cap A_n = \emptyset.

Prove that lim⁡n→∞Pn=1e2\lim_{n \to \infty} P_n = \frac{1}{e^2}.

Official text Simon Marais Mathematics Competition 2022 official paper, page 2. Quoted with source.

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