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ISL 1994 A5

Let f(x)=x2+12xf(x) = \frac{x^2+1}{2x} for x≠0.x \neq 0. Define f(0)(x)=xf^{(0)}(x) = x and f(n)(x)=f(f(n−1)(x))f^{(n)}(x) = f(f^{(n-1)}(x)) for all positive integers nn and x≠0.x \neq 0. Prove that for all non-negative integers nn and x≠{−1,0,1}x \neq \{-1,0,1\}

f(n)(x)f(n+1)(x)=1+1f((x+1x−1)2n).\frac{f^{(n)}(x)}{f^{(n+1)}(x)} = 1 + \frac{1}{f \left( \left( \frac{x+1}{x-1} \right)^{2n} \right)}.

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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