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HMMT 2014 U29

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Natalie has a copy of the unit interval [0,1][0,1] that is colored white. She also has a black marker, and she colors the interval in the following manner: at each step, she selects a value x∈[0,1]x \in[0,1] uniformly at random, and (a) If x≤12x \leq \frac{1}{2} she colors the interval [x,x+12]\left[x, x+\frac{1}{2}\right] with her marker. (b) If x>12x>\frac{1}{2} she colors the intervals [x,1][x, 1] and [0,x−12]\left[0, x-\frac{1}{2}\right] with her marker.

What is the expected value of the number of steps Natalie will need to color the entire interval black?

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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