olymmath

OFM 2023 S2

  • Senior

Let kk be a positive integer. Scrooge McDuck owns kk gold coins. He also owns infinitely many boxes B1,B2,B3,…B_1, B_2, B_3, \ldots Initially, bow B1B_1 contains one coin, and the k−1k-1 other coins are on McDuck's table, outside of every box. Then, Scrooge McDuck allows himself to do the following kind of operations, as many times as he likes:

  • if two consecutive boxes BiB_i and Bi+1B_{i+1} both contain a coin, McDuck can remove the coin contained in box Bi+1B_{i+1} and put it on his table;
  • if a box BiB_i contains a coin, the box Bi+1B_{i+1} is empty, and McDuck still has at least one coin on his table, he can take such a coin and put it in box Bi+1B_{i+1} . As a function of kk , which are the integers nn for which Scrooge McDuck can put a coin in box BnB_n ?

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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