Home Competitions OFM 2023 S1
Let P ( X ) = a n X n + a n − 1 X n − 1 + ⋯ + a 1 X + a 0 P(X) = a_n X^n + a_{n-1} X^{n-1} + \cdots + a_1 X + a_0 P ( X ) = a n X n + a n − 1 X n − 1 + ⋯ + a 1 X + a 0 be a polynomial with real coefficients such that 0 ⩽ a i ⩽ a 0 0 \leqslant a_i \leqslant a_0 0 ⩽ a i ⩽ a 0 for i = 1 , 2 , … , n i = 1, 2, \ldots, n i = 1 , 2 , … , n . Prove that, if P ( X ) 2 = b 2 n X 2 n + b 2 n − 1 X 2 n − 1 + ⋯ + b n + 1 X n + 1 + ⋯ + b 1 X + b 0 P(X)^2 = b_{2n} X^{2n} + b_{2n-1} X^{2n-1} + \cdots + b_{n+1} X^{n+1} + \cdots + b_1 X + b_0 P ( X ) 2 = b 2 n X 2 n + b 2 n − 1 X 2 n − 1 + ⋯ + b n + 1 X n + 1 + ⋯ + b 1 X + b 0 , then 4 b n + 1 ⩽ P ( 1 ) 2 4 b_{n+1} \leqslant P(1)^2 4 b n + 1 ⩽ P ( 1 ) 2 .
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