USAMO 1989

For each positive integer $n$ , let \begin{eqnarray*} S_n &=& 1 + \frac 12 + \frac 13 + \cdots + \frac 1n, T_n &=& S_1 + S_2 + S_3 + \cdots + S_n, U_n &=& \frac{T_1}{2} + \frac{T_2}{3} + \frac{T_3}{4} + \cdots + \frac{T_n}{n+1}. \end{eqnarray*} Find, with proof, integers $0 < a, b,c, d < 1000000$ such that $T_{1988} = a S_{1989} - b$ and $U_{1988} = c S_{1989} - d$ .

The 20 members of a local tennis club have scheduled exactly 14 two-person games among themselves, with each member playing in at least one game. Prove that within this schedule there must be a set of 6 games with 12 distinct players.

Let $P(z)= z^n + c_1 z^{n-1} + c_2 z^{n-2} + \cdots + c_n$ be a polynomial in the complex variable $z$ , with real coefficients $c_k$ . Suppose that $|P(i)| < 1$ . Prove that there exist real numbers $a$ and $b$ such that $P(a + bi) = 0$ and $(a^2 + b^2 + 1)^2 < 4 b^2 + 1$ .

Let $u$ and $v$ be real numbers such that $$(u + u^2 + u^3 + \cdots + u^8) + 10u^9 = (v + v^2 + v^3 + \cdots + v^{10}) + 10v^{11} = 8.$$ Determine, with proof, which of the two numbers, $u$ or $v$ , is larger.