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RO-NMO 2019 Problem 114

  • Grade 11

Let pp be a prime number. For any σ∈Sp\sigma \in S_p (the permutation group of {1,2,...,p}),\{1,2,...,p \}), define the matrix Aσ=(aij)∈Mp(Z)A_{\sigma}=(a_{ij}) \in \mathcal{M}_p(\mathbb{Z}) as aij=σi−1(j),a_{ij} = \sigma^{i-1}(j), where σ0\sigma^0 is the identity permutation and σk=σ∘σ∘...∘σ⏟k.\sigma^k = \underbrace{\sigma \circ \sigma \circ ... \circ \sigma}_k. Prove that D={∣det⁡Aσ∣:σ∈Sp}D = \{ |\det A_{\sigma}| : \sigma \in S_p \} has at most 1+(p−2)!1+ (p-2)! elements.

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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