olymmath

RMM 2016 Problem 6

  • Day 2

A set of nn points in Euclidean 3-dimensional space, no four of which are coplanar, is partitioned into two subsets A\mathcal{A} and B\mathcal{B}. An AB\mathcal{A B}-tree is a configuration of n−1n-1 segments, each of which has an endpoint in A\mathcal{A} and the other in B\mathcal{B}, and such that no segments form a closed polyline. An AB\mathcal{A B}-tree is transformed into another as follows: choose three distinct segments A1B1,B1A2A_{1} B_{1}, B_{1} A_{2} and A2B2A_{2} B_{2} in the AB\mathcal{A B}-tree such that A1A_{1} is in A\mathcal{A} and A1B1+A2B2>A1B2+A2B1A_{1} B_{1}+A_{2} B_{2}>A_{1} B_{2}+A_{2} B_{1}, and remove the segment A1B1A_{1} B_{1} to replace it by the segment A1B2A_{1} B_{2}. Given any AB\mathcal{A B}-tree, prove that every sequence of successive transformations comes to an end (no further transformation is possible) after finitely many steps.

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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