olymmath

RIOPLATENSE 2011 Problem 3

    Let MM be a map made of several cities linked to each other by flights. We say that there is a route between two cities if there is a nonstop flight linking these two cities. For each city to the MM denote by MaM_a the map formed by the cities that have a route to and routes linking these cities together ( to not part of MaM_a ). The cities of MaM_a are divided into two sets so that the number of routes linking cities of different sets is maximum; we call this number the cut of MaM_a . Suppose that for every cut of MaM_a , it is strictly less than two thirds of the number of routes MaM_a . Show that for any coloring of the MM routes with two colors there are three cities of MM joined by three routes of the same color.

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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