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Putnam 1995 A5

  • Session A

Let x1,x2,…,xnx_{1},x_{2},\dots,x_{n} be differentiable (real-valued) functions of a single variable tt which satisfy

dx1dt=a11x1+a12x2+⋯+a1nxndx2dt=a21x1+a22x2+⋯+a2nxn⋮⋮dxndt=an1x1+an2x2+⋯+annxn\begin{aligned}\frac{dx_{1}}{dt} &= a_{11}x_{1} + a_{12}x_{2} + \cdots + a_{1n}x_{n} \\ \frac{dx_{2}}{dt} &= a_{21}x_{1} + a_{22}x_{2} + \cdots + a_{2n}x_{n} \\ \vdots && \vdots \\ \frac{dx_{n}}{dt} &= a_{n1}x_{1} + a_{n2}x_{2} + \cdots + a_{nn}x_{n}\end{aligned}

for some constants aij>0a_{ij}>0. Suppose that for all ii, xi(t)→0x_{i}(t) \to 0 as t→∞t \to \infty. Are the functions x1,x2,…,xnx_{1},x_{2},\dots,x_{n} necessarily linearly dependent?

Curated text Kedlaya Putnam archive. Quoted with source.

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