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NL-NWO 2003 Problem 5

    There are a number of cards on a table. A number is written on each card. The "pick and replace" operation involves the following: two random cards are taken from the table and replaced by one new card. If the numbers aa and bb appear on the two packed cards, the number a+b+aba + b + ab is set on the new card. If we start with ten cards with the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,91, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 1010 respectively, what value(s) can the number have that "grab and replace" nine times is on the only card still on the table? Prove your answer

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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