olymmath

KMO 2002 Problem 6

    Let pnp_n be the nthn^{\text{th}} prime counting from the smallest prime 22 in increasing order. For example, p1=2,p2=3,p3=5,⋯p_1=2, p_2=3, p_3 =5, \cdots (a) For a given n≥10n \ge 10 , let rr be the smallest integer satisfying 2≤r≤n−2,n−r+1<pr2\le r \le n-2, n-r+1 < p_r and define Ns=(sp1p2⋯pr−1)−1N_s=(sp_1p_2\cdots p_{r-1})-1 for s=1,2,…,prs=1,2,\ldots, p_r . Prove that there exists j,1≤j≤prj, 1\le j \le p_r , such that none of p1,p2,⋯ ,pnp_1,p_2,\cdots, p_n divides NjN_j .

    (b) Using the result of (a), find all positive integers mm for which pm+12<p1p2⋯pmp_{m+1}^2 < p_1p_2\cdots p_m

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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