ISL 2010 C6
Given a positive integer and other two integers . There are two strings of pearls, a string of black pearls and a string of white pearls. The length of a string is the number of pearls on it. One cuts these strings in some steps by the following rules. In each step: (i) The strings are ordered by their lengths in a non-increasing order. If there are some strings of equal lengths, then the white ones precede the black ones. Then first ones (if they consist of more than one pearl) are chosen; if there are less than strings longer than 1 , then one chooses all of them. (ii) Next, one cuts each chosen string into two parts differing in length by at most one. (For instance, if there are strings of black pearls, strings of white pearls and , then the strings of 8 white, 5 black, 4 white and 4 black pearls are cut into the parts and , respectively.) The process stops immediately after the step when a first isolated white pearl appears. Prove that at this stage, there will still exist a string of at least two black pearls. (Canada)
Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.
Official text: IMO 2010 Shortlist booklet, page 36.
Solutions
Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee
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