olymmath

IMC 2023 Problem 8

    Let TT be a tree with nn vertices; that is, a connected simple graph on nn vertices that contains no cycle. For every pair uu , vv of vertices, let d(u,v)d(u,v) denote the distance between uu and vv , that is, the number of edges in the shortest path in TT that connects uu with vv .

    Consider the sums W(T)=∑{u,v}⊆V(T)u≠vd(u,v)andH(T)=∑{u,v}⊆V(T)u≠v1d(u,v)W(T)=\sum_{\substack{\{u,v\}\subseteq V(T) u\neq v}}d(u,v) \text{and} H(T)=\sum_{\substack{\{u,v\}\subseteq V(T) u\neq v}}\frac{1}{d(u,v)} Prove that W(T)⋅H(T)≥(n−1)3(n+2)4.W(T)\cdot H(T)\geq \frac{(n-1)^3(n+2)}{4}.

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

    Official text: International Mathematics Competition for University Students 2023 official paper, page 1.

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