olymmath

KöMaL 2015 B4722

    Each permutation of an nn -element set is coloured in either red, white or green. Let NRWGN_{\rm RWG} denote the number of ways to perform a red permutation followed by a white permutation and then a green permutation, such that each element is restored to its initial position at the end. Analogously, let NGWRN_{\rm GWR} denote the number of ways to perform a green permutation followed by a white permutation and then finally a red permutation, such that each element is restored to its initial position. Show that NRWG=NGWRN_{\rm RWG}=N_{\rm GWR}.

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