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HMMT November 2019 T7

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Consider sequences aa of the form a=(a1,a2,…,a20)a=\left(a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{20}\right) such that each term aia_{i} is either 0 or 1 . For each such sequence aa, we can produce a sequence b=(b1,b2,…,b20)b=\left(b_{1}, b_{2}, \ldots, b_{20}\right), where

bi={ai+ai+1i=1ai−1+ai+ai+11<i<20ai−1+aii=20b_{i}= \begin{cases}a_{i}+a_{i+1} & i=1 \\ a_{i-1}+a_{i}+a_{i+1} & 1<i<20 \\ a_{i-1}+a_{i} & i=20\end{cases}

How many sequences bb are there that can be produced by more than one distinct sequence aa ?

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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