olymmath

HMMT 2020 U23

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A function f:A→Af: A \rightarrow A is called idempotent if f(f(x))=f(x)f(f(x))=f(x) for all x∈Ax \in A. Let InI_{n} be the number of idempotent functions from {1,2,…,n}\{1,2, \ldots, n\} to itself. Compute

∑n=1∞Inn!\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{I_{n}}{n!}

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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e^{e}-1

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