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CN-SMO 2012 Problem 8

    Let positive integers m,nm,n satisfy n=2m−1n=2^m-1 . Pn={1,2,⋯ ,n}P_n =\{1,2,\cdots ,n\} is a set that contains nn points on an axis. A grasshopper on the axis can leap from one point to another adjacent point. Find the maximal value of mm satisfying following conditions: (a) x,yx, y are two arbitrary points in PnP_n ; (b) starting at point xx , the grasshopper leaps 20122012 times and finishes at point yy ; (the grasshopper is allowed to travel xx and yy more than once) (c) there are even number ways for the grasshopper to do (b).

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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