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CMO 2017 Problem 4

  • Day 2

Let n≥2n \geq 2 be a natural number. For any two permutations of (1,2,⋯ ,n)(1,2,\cdots,n) , say α=(a1,a2,⋯ ,an)\alpha = (a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n) and β=(b1,b2,⋯ ,bn),\beta = (b_1,b_2,\cdots,b_n), if there exists a natural number k≤nk \leq n such that bi={ak+1−i, 1≤i≤k;ai,k<i≤n,b_i = \begin{cases} a_{k+1-i}, & \text{ }1 \leq i \leq k; a_i, & \text{} k < i \leq n, \end{cases} we call α\alpha a friendly permutation of β\beta .

Prove that it is possible to enumerate all possible permutations of (1,2,⋯ ,n)(1,2,\cdots,n) as P1,P2,⋯ ,PmP_1,P_2,\cdots,P_m such that for all i=1,2,⋯ ,mi = 1,2,\cdots,m , Pi+1P_{i+1} is a friendly permutation of PiP_i where m=n!m = n! and Pm+1=P1P_{m+1} = P_1 .

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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