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CGMO 2014 Problem 4

    For an integer m≥4,m\geq 4, let TmT_{m} denote the number of sequences a1,…,ama_{1},\dots,a_{m} such that the following conditions hold: (1) For all i=1,2,…,mi=1,2,\dots,m we have ai∈{1,2,3,4}a_{i}\in \{1,2,3,4\} (2) a1=am=1a_{1} = a_{m} = 1 and a2≠1a_{2}\neq 1 (3) For all i=3,4⋯ ,m,ai≠ai−1,ai≠ai−2.i=3,4\cdots, m, a_{i}\neq a_{i-1}, a_{i}\neq a_{i-2}. Prove that there exists a geometric sequence of positive integers {gn}\{g_{n}\} such that for n≥4n\geq 4 we have that gn−2gn<Tn<gn+2gn.g_{n} - 2\sqrt{g_{n}} < T_{n} < g_{n} + 2\sqrt{g_{n}}.

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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