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BALTIC-WAY 2025 Problem 2

    Let a1,a2,…a_1, a_2, \ldots be a sequence of real numbers such that

    {an}⌊an+1⌋=⌊an⌋{an+1}\{a_n\} \lfloor a_{n+1} \rfloor = \lfloor a_n \rfloor \{a_{n+1}\}

    for each positive integer nn. Prove that there is a real number λ\lambda such that {am}⌊am⌋=λ\{a_m\} \lfloor a_m \rfloor = \lambda for infinitely many positive integers mm.

    Remark: For a real number xx, ⌊x⌋\lfloor x \rfloor denotes the greatest integer that does not exceed xx, and {x}=x−⌊x⌋\{x\} = x - \lfloor x \rfloor.

    Official text Baltic Way 2025 official paper, page 1. Quoted with source.

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