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IZhO 2021 Problem 3

    Let n≥2n\ge 2 be an integer. Elwyn is given an n×nn\times n table filled with real numbers (each cell of the table contains exactly one number). We define a rook set as a set of nn cells of the table situated in nn distinct rows as well as in n distinct columns. Assume that, for every rook set, the sum of nn numbers in the cells forming the set is nonnegative. By a move, Elwyn chooses a row, a column, and a real number a,a, and then he adds aa to each number in the chosen row, and subtracts aa from each number in the chosen column (thus, the number at the intersection of the chosen row and column does not change). Prove that Elwyn can perform a sequence of moves so that all numbers in the table become nonnegative.

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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