ZA-SAMO 2008 Problem 4
A pack of cards, numbered from to , is shuffled in order to play a game in which each move has two steps:
(i) the top card is placed at the bottom;
(ii) the new top card is removed.
It turns out that the cards are removed in the order . Which card was at the top before the game started?
Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.
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