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US-TST 2011 Problem 6

    A polynomial P(x)P(x) is called nice if P(0)=1P(0) = 1 and the nonzero coefficients of P(x)P(x) alternate between 11 and −1-1 when written in order. Suppose that P(x)P(x) is nice, and let mm and nn be two relatively prime positive integers. Show that Q(x)=P(xn)⋅(xmn−1)(x−1)(xm−1)(xn−1)Q(x) = P(x^n) \cdot \frac{(x^{mn} - 1)(x-1)}{(x^m-1)(x^n-1)} is nice as well.

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