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US-TST 2000 Problem 3

    Let pp be a prime number. For integers r,sr, s such that rs(r2−s2)rs(r^2 - s^2) is not divisible by pp , let f(r,s)f(r, s) denote the number of integers n∈{1,2,…,p−1}n \in \{1, 2, \ldots, p - 1\} such that {rn/p}\{rn/p\} and {sn/p}\{sn/p\} are either both less than 1/21/2 or both greater than 1/21/2 . Prove that there exists N>0N > 0 such that for p≥Np \geq N and all r,sr, s , ⌈p−13⌉≤f(r,s)≤⌊2(p−1)3⌋.\left\lceil \frac{p-1}{3} \right\rceil \le f(r, s) \le \left\lfloor \frac{2(p-1)}{3} \right\rfloor.

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