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TSTST 2025 Problem 7

    For a positive real number cc, the sequence a1,a2,…a_1, a_2, \dots of real numbers is defined as follows. Let a1=ca_1 = c, and for n≥2n \geq 2, let

    an=∑i=1n−1(ai)n−i+1.a_n = \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} (a_i)^{n-i+1}.

    Find all positive real numbers cc such that ai>ai+1a_i > a_{i+1} for all positive integers ii.

    Official text USA TST for the TST 2025 official paper, page 3. Quoted with source.

    A model read this text from the scan of the paper by OCR, with vision/claude@2.1.318 (claude-opus-5-5). No person has checked it against the paper yet.

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