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TSTST 2025 Problem 1

    In a finite group of people, some pairs are friends (friendship is mutual). Each person pp has a list f1(p),f2(p),…,fd(p)(p)f_1(p), f_2(p), \dots, f_{d(p)}(p) of their friends, where d(p)d(p) is the number of distinct friends pp has. Additionally, any two people are connected by a series of friendships. Each person also has a water balloon. The following game is played until someone ends up with more than one water balloon: on round rr, each person pp throws the current water balloon they have to their friend fs(p)f_s(p) such that d(p)d(p) divides r−sr - s. Show that if the game never ends, then everyone has the same number of friends.

    Official text USA TST for the TST 2025 official paper, page 1. Quoted with source.

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