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RU-ALLRUSSIAN 2023 Problem 102

  • Grade 10

A group of 100100 kids has a deck of 101101 cards numbered by 0,1,2,…,1000, 1, 2,\dots, 100 . The first kid takes the deck, shuffles it, and then takes the cards one by one; when he takes a card (not the last one in the deck), he computes the average of the numbers on the cards he took up to that moment, and writes down this average on the blackboard. Thus, he writes down 100100 numbers, the first of which is the number on the first taken card. Then he passes the deck to the second kid which shuffles the deck and then performs the same procedure, and so on. This way, each of 100100 kids writes down 100100 numbers. Prove that there are two equal numbers among the 1000010000 numbers on the blackboard.

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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