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RU-ALLRUSSIAN 2019 Problem 8

    Let P(x)P(x) be a non-constant polynomial with integer coefficients and let nn be a positive integer. The sequence a0,a1,…a_0,a_1,\ldots is defined as follows: a0=na_0=n and ak=P(ak−1)a_k=P(a_{k-1}) for all positive integers k.k. Assume that for every positive integer bb the sequence contains a bb th power of an integer greater than 1.1. Show that P(x)P(x) is linear.

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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