olymmath

Putnam 2014 B1

  • Session B

A base 1010 over-expansion of a positive integer NN is an expression of the form N=dk10k+dk−110k−1+⋯+d0100N = d_k 10^k + d_{k-1} 10^{k-1} + \cdots + d_0 10^0 with dk≠0d_k \neq 0 and di∈{0,1,2,…,10}d_i \in \{0,1,2,\dots,10\} for all ii. For instance, the integer N=10N = 10 has two base 10 over-expansions: 10=10⋅10010 = 10 \cdot 10^0 and the usual base 10 expansion 10=1⋅101+0⋅10010 = 1 \cdot 10^1 + 0 \cdot 10^0. Which positive integers have a unique base 10 over-expansion?

Curated text Kedlaya Putnam archive. Quoted with source.

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