olymmath

Putnam 2004 B6

  • Session B

Let A\mathcal{A} be a non-empty set of positive integers, and let N(x)N(x) denote the number of elements of A\mathcal{A} not exceeding xx. Let B\mathcal{B} denote the set of positive integers bb that can be written in the form b=a−a′b = a - a' with a∈Aa \in \mathcal{A} and a′∈Aa' \in \mathcal{A}. Let b1<b2<⋯b_1 < b_2 < \cdots be the members of B\mathcal{B}, listed in increasing order. Show that if the sequence bi+1−bib_{i+1} - b_i is unbounded, then lim⁡x→∞N(x)/x=0.\lim_{x \to\infty} N(x)/x = 0.

Curated text Kedlaya Putnam archive. Quoted with source.

Solutions

Human solution Solution 1 by Kiran Kedlaya and Lenny Ng

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