olymmath

Putnam 2003 A5

  • Session A

A Dyck nn-path is a lattice path of nn upsteps (1,1)(1,1) and nn downsteps (1,−1)(1,-1) that starts at the origin OO and never dips below the xx-axis. A return is a maximal sequence of contiguous downsteps that terminates on the xx-axis. For example, the Dyck 5-path illustrated has two returns, of length 3 and 1 respectively. Show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the Dyck nn-paths with no return of even length and the Dyck (n−1)(n-1)-paths.

Dataset text Putnam 1995 to 2025. Quoted with source.

Solutions

Human solution Solution 1 by Manjul Bhargava, Kiran Kedlaya and Lenny Ng

The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (Kedlaya Putnam archive).

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