olymmath

Putnam 1995 A3

  • Session A

The number d1d2…d9d_{1}d_{2}\dots d_{9} has nine (not necessarily distinct) decimal digits. The number e1e2…e9e_{1}e_{2}\dots e_{9} is such that each of the nine 9-digit numbers formed by replacing just one of the digits did_{i} is d1d2…d9d_{1}d_{2}\dots d_{9} by the corresponding digit eie_{i} (1≤i≤91 \leq i \leq 9) is divisible by 7. The number f1f2…f9f_{1}f_{2}\dots f_{9} is related to e1e2…e9e_{1}e_{2}\dots e_{9} is the same way: that is, each of the nine numbers formed by replacing one of the eie_{i} by the corresponding fif_{i} is divisible by 7. Show that, for each ii, di−fid_{i}-f_{i} is divisible by 7. [For example, if d1d2…d9=199501996d_{1}d_{2}\dots d_{9} = 199501996, then e6e_{6} may be 2 or 9, since 199502996199502996 and 199509996199509996 are multiples of 7.]

Curated text Kedlaya Putnam archive. Quoted with source.

Solutions

Human solution Solution 1 by Kiran Kedlaya

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