olymmath

Putnam 1989 A6

  • Session A

Let α=1+a1x+a2x2+⋯\alpha=1+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots be a formal power series with coefficients in the field of two elements. Let an={1if every block of zeros in the binary expansion of n has an even number of zeros in the block0otherwise.a_n = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if every block of zeros in the binary expansion of $n$ has an even number of zeros in the block} \\[.3in] 0 & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases} (For example, a36=1a_{36}=1 because 36=100100236=100100_2 and a20=0a_{20}=0 because 20=101002.20=10100_2.) Prove that α3+xα+1=0.\alpha^3+x\alpha+1=0.

Curated text Kedlaya Putnam archive. Quoted with source.

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