olymmath

Putnam 1977 B3

  • Session B

Problem B-3 An (ordered) triple ( x1,x2,x3x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3} ) of positive irrational numbers with x1+x2+x3=1x_{1}+x_{2}+x_{3}=1 is called "balanced" if each xi<1/2x_{i}<1 / 2. If a triple is not balanced, say if xj>1/2x_{j}>1 / 2, one performs the following "balancing act" B(x1,x2,x3)=(x1′,x2′,x3′),B\left(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}\right)=\left(x_{1}^{\prime}, x_{2}^{\prime}, x_{3}^{\prime}\right), where xi′=2xix_{i}^{\prime}=2 x_{i} if i≠ji \neq j and xj′=2xj−1x_{j}^{\prime}=2 x_{j}-1. If the new triple is not balanced, one performs the balancing act on it. Does continuation of this process always lead to a balanced triple after a finite number of performances of the balancing act?

Dataset text PutnamGAP. Quoted with source.

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