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PL-OM 2017 Problem 2

    A sequence (a1,a2,…,ak)(a_1, a_2,\ldots, a_k) consisting of pairwise distinct squares of an n×nn\times n chessboard is called a cycle if k≥4k\geq 4 and squares aia_i and ai+1a_{i+1} have a common side for all i=1,2,…,ki=1,2,\ldots, k , where ak+1=a1a_{k+1}=a_1 . Subset XX of this chessboard's squares is mischievous if each cycle on it contains at least one square in XX .

    Determine all real numbers CC with the following property: for each integer n≥2n\geq 2 , on an n×nn\times n chessboard there exists a mischievous subset consisting of at most Cn2Cn^2 squares.

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

    Official text: Polish Mathematical Olympiad 2017 official paper, page 1.

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