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PL-OM 1984 Problem 4

    A coin is tossed nn times, and the outcome is written in the form ( a1,a2,...,ana_1,a_2,...,a_n ), where ai=1a_i = 1 or 22 depending on whether the result of the ii -th toss is the head or the tail, respectively. Set bj=a1+a2+...+ajb_j = a_1 +a_2 +...+a_j for j=1,2,...,nj = 1,2,...,n , and let p(n)p(n) be the probability that the sequence b1,b2,...,bnb_1,b_2,...,b_n contains the number nn . Express p(n)p(n) in terms of p(n−1)p(n-1) and p(n−2)p(n-2) .

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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