olymmath

ISL 2014 N7

    Let c⩾1c \geqslant 1 be an integer. Define a sequence of positive integers by a1=ca_{1}=c and an+1=an3−4c⋅an2+5c2⋅an+ca_{n+1}=a_{n}^{3}-4 c \cdot a_{n}^{2}+5 c^{2} \cdot a_{n}+c for all n⩾1n \geqslant 1. Prove that for each integer n⩾2n \geqslant 2 there exists a prime number pp dividing ana_{n} but none of the numbers a1,…,an−1a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n-1}. (Austria)

    Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2014 Shortlist booklet, page 10.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

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