olymmath

ISL 2012 C6

    Let kk and nn be fixed positive integers. In the liar's guessing game, Amy chooses integers xx and NN with 1≤x≤N1 \leq x \leq N. She tells Ben what NN is, but not what xx is. Ben may then repeatedly ask Amy whether x∈Sx \in S for arbitrary sets SS of integers. Amy will always answer with yes or no, but she might lie. The only restriction is that she can lie at most kk times in a row. After he has asked as many questions as he wants, Ben must specify a set of at most nn positive integers. If xx is in this set he wins; otherwise, he loses. Prove that: a) If n≥2kn \geq 2^{k} then Ben can always win. b) For sufficiently large kk there exist n≥1.99kn \geq 1.99^{k} such that Ben cannot guarantee a win.

    Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2012 Shortlist booklet, page 5.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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