ISL 2012 C6
Let and be fixed positive integers. In the liar's guessing game, Amy chooses integers and with . She tells Ben what is, but not what is. Ben may then repeatedly ask Amy whether for arbitrary sets of integers. Amy will always answer with yes or no, but she might lie. The only restriction is that she can lie at most times in a row. After he has asked as many questions as he wants, Ben must specify a set of at most positive integers. If is in this set he wins; otherwise, he loses. Prove that: a) If then Ben can always win. b) For sufficiently large there exist such that Ben cannot guarantee a win.
Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.
Official text: IMO 2012 Shortlist booklet, page 5.
Solutions
Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee
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