olymmath

ISL 1994 C2

In a certain city, age is reckoned in terms of real numbers rather than integers. Every two citizens xx and x′x' either know each other or do not know each other. Moreover, if they do not, then there exists a chain of citizens x=x0,x1,…,xn=x′x = x_0, x_1, \ldots, x_n = x' for some integer n≥2n \geq 2 such that xi−1x_{i-1} and xix_i know each other. In a census, all male citizens declare their ages, and there is at least one male citizen. Each female citizen provides only the information that her age is the average of the ages of all the citizens she knows. Prove that this is enough to determine uniquely the ages of all the female citizens.

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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