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ISL 1989 Problem 56

    Let P1(x),P2(x),…,Pn(x)P_1(x), P_2(x), \ldots, P_n(x) be real polynomials, i.e. they have real coefficients. Show that there exist real polynomials Ar(x),Br(x)(r=1,2,3)A_r(x),B_r(x) (r = 1, 2, 3) such that

    ∑s=1n{Ps(x)}2≡(A1(x))2+(B1(x))2\sum^n_{s=1} \left\{ P_s(x) \right \}^2 \equiv \left( A_1(x) \right)^2 + \left( B_1(x) \right)^2 ∑s=1n{Ps(x)}2≡(A2(x))2+x(B2(x))2\sum^n_{s=1} \left\{ P_s(x) \right \}^2 \equiv \left( A_2(x) \right)^2 + x \left( B_2(x) \right)^2 ∑s=1n{Ps(x)}2≡(A3(x))2−x(B3(x))2\sum^n_{s=1} \left\{ P_s(x) \right \}^2 \equiv \left( A_3(x) \right)^2 - x \left( B_3(x) \right)^2

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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