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RMO 2025 K4

  • KV and JNV

A frog is initially at (0,0)(0, 0) and it reaches (n,2)(n, 2) , n≥1n \ge 1 , using the following moves in any order several times:

R=(1,0)R=(1, 0) , that is, if the frog is at (a,b)(a, b) it goes to (a+1,b)(a+1, b) ; U=(0,1)U=(0, 1) , that is, if the frog is at (a,b)(a, b) it goes to (a,b+1)(a, b+1) ; D=(1,1)D=(1, 1) , that is, if the frog is at (a,b)(a, b) it goes to (a+1,b+1)(a+1, b+1) .

In how many ways can the frog go from (0,0)(0, 0) to (n,2)(n, 2) , n≥1n \ge 1 , using the above steps subject to the condition that steps of the type UU,DDUU, DD are forbidden? (For example, for n=3n=3 , RDUR,DRDRDUR, DRD are admissible paths, while DDR,RUURRDDR, RUURR are not.)

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

Official text: Indian Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2025 official paper, page 1.

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