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INMO 2007 Problem 4

  • Answer

Let σ=(a1,a2,a3,…,an)\sigma=\left(a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}, \ldots, a_{n}\right) be a permutation of (1,2,3,…,n)(1,2,3, \ldots, n). A pair (ai,aj)\left(a_{i}, a_{j}\right) is said to correspond to an inversion of σ\sigma, if i<ji<j but ai>aja_{i}>a_{j}. (Example: In the permutation (2,4,5,3,1)(2,4,5,3,1), there are 6 inversions corresponding to the pairs (2,1)(2,1), (4,3),(4,1),(5,3),(5,1),(3,1)(4,3),(4,1),(5,3),(5,1),(3,1).) How many permutations of (1,2,3,…n)(1,2,3, \ldots n), (n≥3)(n \geq 3), have exactly two inversions?

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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\frac{(n+1)(n-2)}{2}

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