olymmath

IMO 2013 Problem 5

  • Day 2

Let Q>0\mathbb Q_{>0} be the set of all positive rational numbers. Let f:Q>0→Rf:\mathbb Q_{>0}\to\mathbb R be a function satisfying the following three conditions:

(i) for all x,y∈Q>0x,y\in\mathbb Q_{>0} , we have f(x)f(y)≥f(xy)f(x)f(y)\geq f(xy) ; (ii) for all x,y∈Q>0x,y\in\mathbb Q_{>0} , we have f(x+y)≥f(x)+f(y)f(x+y)\geq f(x)+f(y) ; (iii) there exists a rational number a>1a>1 such that f(a)=af(a)=a .

Prove that f(x)=xf(x)=x for all x∈Q>0x\in\mathbb Q_{>0} .

Proposed by Bulgaria

Official text Transcription from AI-MO AoPS, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.

Official text: IMO 2013 official English paper, page 2.

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