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IMC 2002 Problem 6

    For an n×nn\times n matrix with real entries let ∣∣M∣∣=sup⁡x∈Rn∖{0}∣∣Mx∣∣2∣∣x∣∣2||M||=\sup_{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\{0\}}\frac{||Mx||_{2}}{||x||_{2}} , where ∣∣⋅∣∣2||\cdot||_{2} denotes the Euclidean norm on Rn\mathbb{R}^{n} . Assume that an n×nn\times n matrxi AA with real entries satisfies ∣∣Ak−Ak−1∣∣≤12002k||A^{k}-A^{k-1}||\leq\frac{1}{2002k} for all positive integers kk . Prove that ∣∣Ak∣∣≤2002||A^{k}||\leq 2002 for all positive integers kk .

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